CHERNIHIV FORTRESS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 17th CENTURY

BONDAR О.М.

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This article is devoted to the development of Chernihiv fortress during the second half of
the 17th century. Any town of medieval Europe and Russia had its own particular type of urban
development. The fortress occupied the main place in that development. The most important
sources for the study of Chernigov fortress of the 17th century are “Abrys Chernigova” 1706,
maps of the 18th century towns, verbal descriptions and archaeological excavations.
Chernihiv became the regimental city in 1648 and its fortress had repeatedly turned
to the epicenter of battlefield. In the middle of the 17th century fortress consisted of Verkhniy
Zamok and, in fact, Fortress. These fortifications were the ramparts of the 10th-13th century
line. Forstadt had been further strengthened in the 1670s. This process had been associated
with the increase of the city population. These fortifications were resuscitated remnants of
the ancient fortifications of the Okolniy Grad. The slight strengthening – Ostrog – was
housed under the Verkhniy Zamok. Russian troops garrisoned town were there. Thus, till
the end in the 17th century fortifications of the city consisted of Verkhniy Zamok, Fortress,
Forstadt and Ostrog. The fortifications of Verkhniy Zamok, Fortresses and Forstadt were
made of wood and soil. Ostrog was fortified from the stockade. The fortified area of
Chernigov was 48 hectares. So, Chernihiv fortress was one of the biggest on the Left Bank
Ukraine in the 17th century. Firstly, it was due to the fact that in the late 17th century
Chernihiv was a great economic and political center. Secondly, its importance as a military
center of the Hetman State had increased during that period.[/restab]

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BONDAR О.М. – Chernihiv National Pedagogical University named after T. Shevchenko (Ukraine).[/restab]

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