ANTI-STATISTS AND UKRAINIAN PEASANTRY IN 1900s: THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE ISSUE

KUDINOV  D.V.

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The article is focused on the survey of the interaction between anarchist organizations
and Ukrainian peasantry performed by Soviet, Ukrainian and Russian historians. In this respect,
two historiographic tendencies are distinguished: Soviet, with adverse orientation on program
targets and tactics of anti-statists (the quotes of V.Lenin and J.Stalin are cited as an examples
which soviet authors were looked about) and contemporary, which is based on reasonable
understanding of anarchists’ views on reaching communist society via revolutionary way,
annihilation of state and its institutions, securing of human freedom and affordability of material
and cultural wealth (short visions of the future society arrangement made by famous anarchist
theorists, such as M. Bakunin and P. Kropotkin, are provided). The emphasis is made on the
description by historians of anarchists’ activity in Chernigov, Podolia, Poltava, Ekaterinoslav
and Kherson Governorates. Particularly, actual instances of the agitation beginning amongst
peasants by the members of Nizhyn group of anti-statists, creation by them of a range of
federations for involvement of rural dwellers, organization in the countryside of meetings and
assaults on representatives of czarist administration, landlords and capitalists are revealed.
Major attention is paid to the description of the “Poor Peasants Union” activity in Huliaipole
in 1906-1908, which future leader of The Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine Nestor
Makhno had art and part in. The author proves that this particular chapter of anarchists’
history is the most high-lighted in historical literature out of the whole complex of data concerning
the anti-statists’ performance in rural area.
It is noted that contemporary Ukrainian historians (V. Volkovynskyi, O. Lebedenko,
V. Savchenko) have found out the attributes of “peasant anarchism”: the tactics of anarchists
in the countryside differed from the activity of the rest Left by more clear and specific support of
peasant destructive actions, the border between “fundraising” or “anarchic” motives usually
wasn’t traced, the groups went in for expropriations, which to some extent lapped over their
revolutionary content (however, peasant anarchists themselves denied “wanton” character of
the terror, low level of theoretical training was peculiar to peasant group members,while handson
experience was prevailing: the ability to shoot, fight, disguise, observe conspiracy, etc. The
historians underline particular national colour of Ukrainian “peasant anarchism”. According
to V. Volkovynskyi and O. Lebedenko, the expansion of anti-statist ideas was favoured by
“anarchic mentality” of Ukrainian peasantry (immanent orientation of Ukrainian farmers toward
liberty, which had not been knocked out of their conscious during serfdom period), freedomloving
traditions living in peasantry from Zaporozhian Sich times, as well as anti-statist
egalitarian ideas of former affluent religious group of Dukhobors.[/restab]

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KUDINOV  D.V. – Sumy Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education Candidate of Historical Sciences, Docent (Ukraine).[/restab]

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